Zufällig entdeckt! Matthew White, ein Hobby-Historiker, schrieb anno 2011 unter dem Titel “Atrocitology. Humanity’s 100 Deadliest Achievements” ein Buch, an dessen Ende ein Ranking steht: The One Hundred Deadliest Multicides”. Es dreht sich also um die mörderischsten Ereignisse in der Geschichte der Menschheit. White wählte eine etwas primitive Methode. Er nahm das Mittel der jeweils größten und kleinsten Schätzung und kam so auf diese Liste:
1
Second World War (1939–45) 66,000,000
2 Chinggis Khan (1206–27) 40,000,000
2 Mao Zedong (1949–76) 40,000,000
4 Famines in British India (18th–20th centuries) 27,000,000
5 Fall of the Ming Dynasty (1635–62) 25,000,000
6 Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) 20,000,000
6 Joseph Stalin (1928–53) 20,000,000
8 Mideast Slave Trade (7th–19th centuries) 18,500,000
9 Timur (1370–1405) 17,000,000
10 Atlantic Slave Trade (1452–1807) 16,000,000
11 Conquest of the Americas (after 1492) 15,000,000
11 First World War (1914–18) 15,000,000
13 An Lushan Rebellion (755–63) 13,000,000
14 Xin Dynasty (9–24) 10,000,000
14 Congo Free State (1885–1908) 10,000,000
16 Russian Civil War (1918–20) 9,000,000
17 Thirty Years War (1618–48) 7,500,000
17 Fall of the Yuan Dynasty (ca 1340–70) 7,500,000
19 Fall of the Western Roman Empire (395–455) 7,000,000
19 Chinese Civil War (1927–37, 1945–49) 7,000,000
21 Mahdi Revolt (1881–98) 5,500,000
22 The Time of Troubles (1598–1613) 5,000,000
23 Aurangzeb (1658–1707) 4,600,000
24 Vietnam War (1959–75) 4,200,000
25 The Three Kingdoms of China (189–280) 4,100,000
26 Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815) 4,000,000
27 Second Congo War (1998–2002) 3,800,000
28 Gladiatorial Games (264 BCE–435 CE) 3,500,000
28 Hundred Years War (1337–1453) 3,500,000
30 Crusades (1095–1291) 3,000,000
30 French Wars of Religion (1562–98) 3,000,000
30 Peter the Great (1682–1725) 3,000,000
30 Korean War (1950–53) 3,000,000
30 North Korea(after 1948) 3,000,000
35 War in the Sudan(1955–2003) 2,600,000
36 Expulsion of Germans from Eastern Europe (1945–47) 2,100,000
37 Fang La Rebellion (1120–22) 2,000,000
37 Mengistu Haile (1974–91) 2,000,000
39 Democratic Kampuchea (1975–79) 1,670,000
40 Age of Warring States (ca 475–221 BCE) 1,500,000
40 Seven Years War (1756–63) 1,500,000
40 Shaka (1818–28) 1,500,000
40 Bengali Genocide (1971) 1,500,000
40 Soviet-Afghan War (1979–92) 1,500,000
45 Aztec Human Sacrifice (1440–1521) 1,200,000
46 Qin Shi Huang Di (221–210 BCE) 1,000,000
46 Roman Slave Wars (134–71 BCE) 1,000,000
46 Mayan Collapse (790–909) 1,000,000
46 Albigensian Crusade (1208–29) 1,000,000
46 Panthay Rebellion (1855–73) 1,000,000
46 Mexican Revolution (1910–20) 1,000,000
46 Biafran War (1966–70) 1,000,000
53 Rwandan Genocide (1994) 937,000
54 Burma-Siam Wars (1550–1605) 900,000
55 Hulagu’s Invasion (1255–60) 800,000
55 Mozambican Civil War (1975–92) 800,000
57 French Conquest of Algeria(1830–47) 775,000
58 Second Punic War (218–202 BCE) 770,000
59 Justinian (527–65) 750,000
59 Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–41) 750,000
61 Gallic War (58–51 BCE) 700,000
61 Chinese Conquest of Vietnam(1407–28) 700,000
61 War of the Spanish Succession (1701–13) 700,000
61 Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) 700,000
65 American Civil War (1861–65) 695,00066
66 Hui Rebellion (1862–73) 640,000
67 Goguryeo-Sui Wars (598 and 612) 600,000
67 Sino-Dzungar War (1755–57) 600,000
69 Algerian War of Independence(1954–62) 525,000
70 Alexander the Great (336–325 BCE) 500,000
70 Bahmani-Vijayanagara War (1366) 500,000
70 Russo-Tatar War (1570–72) 500,000
70 War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) 500,000
70 Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) 500,000
70 Partition of India(1947) 500,000
70 Angolan Civil War (1975–94) 500,000
70 Ugandan Bush War (1979–86) 500,000
70 Somalian Chaos (since 1991) 500,000
79 War of the Triple Alliance (1864–70) 480,000
80 Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) 435,000
81 First Punic War (264–241 BCE) 400,000
81 Third Mithridatic War (73–63 BCE) 400,000
81 Cromwell’s Invasion of Ireland (1649–52) 400,000
81 Mexican War of Independence (1810–21) 400,000
81 Haitian Slave Revolt (1791–1803) 400,000
81 Greco-Turkish War (1919–22) 400,000
81 Indonesian Purge (1965–66) 400,000
88 French Indochina War (1945–54) 393,000
89 Great Turkish War (1682–99) 384,000
90 Great Northern War (1700–21) 370,000
91 Spanish Civil War (1936–39) 365,000
91 Postwar Vietnam (1975–92) 365,000
93 Cuban Revolution (1895–98) 360,000
94 Sanctions against Iraq (1990–2003) 350,000
94 Roman-Jewish Wars (66–74, 132–135) 350,000
96 Second Persian War (480–479 BCE) 300,000
96 War of the Allies (91–88 BCE) 300,000
96 Crimean War (1854–56) 300,000
96 Idi Amin (1971–79) 300,000
96 Saddam Hussein (1979–2003) 300,000
PI vom 30.05.2013
Anmerkung: Wer sich anhand deutschsprachigen Schrifttums über dieses Thema schlau machen möchte, kann zurückgreifen auf
Gerhard Ludwig: „Massenmord im Weltgeschehen“, Friedrich Vorwerk Verlag, Stuttgart 1951;
Imanuel Geiss: „Massaker in der Weltgeschichte“ in Uwe Backes, Eckhard Jesse und Rainer Zitelmann (Hg.):
„Die Schatten der Vergangenheit. Impulse zur Historisierung des Nationalsozialismus“, Frankfurt/M., Berlin 1990;
Hans Dollinger: „Schwarzbuch der Weltgeschichte. 5000 Jahre der Mensch des Menschen Feind“, München 1973;
Stéphane Courtois et alt.: „Das Schwarzbuch des Kommunismus. Unterdrückung, Verbrechen und Terror“, München 1998